電力電纜作為現代能源傳輸的核心載體，其性能、用途與科技含量直接決定了電力系統的可靠性與可持續性。

As the core carrier of modern energy transmission, the performance, use, and technological content of power cables directly determine the reliability and sustainability of the power system.

一、核心性能：安全、高效、長壽命

1.     導電性能

電力電纜的線芯（導體）通常采用高純度銅或鋁材，銅導體導電率高達100% IACS（國際退火銅標準），鋁導體成本更低且重量輕，但導電率約為銅的60%。通過緊壓絞合工藝優化導體結構，減少接觸電阻，降低傳輸損耗。

2.     絕緣性能

油浸紙絕緣電纜（如XLPE）耐高溫（90℃以上）、壽命長；交聯聚乙烯（XLPE）絕緣電纜通過化學或物理交聯提升耐壓能力（可達380kV），且無滴流特性適應復雜地形。

3.     防護與穩定性

15kV及以上電纜配置導體屏蔽層和絕緣屏蔽層，消除電場集中，防止局部放電；聚氯乙烯（PVC）或聚乙烯（PE）護套具備阻燃、耐候性，部分高端產品采用低煙無鹵（LSZH）材料，燃燒時煙密度降低80%，無有毒氣體釋放。

Core performance: safe, efficient, and long-lasting

1. Conductivity

The core (conductor) of power cables is usually made of high-purity copper or aluminum. Copper conductors have a conductivity of up to 100% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard), while aluminum conductors are cheaper and lighter in weight, but have a conductivity of about 60% of copper. Optimizing the conductor structure through compression twisting technology, reducing contact resistance, and lowering transmission losses.

2. Insulation performance

Oil immersed paper insulated cables (such as XLPE) have high temperature resistance (above 90 ℃) and long service life; Cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated cables enhance their voltage resistance (up to 380kV) through chemical or physical cross-linking, and have no dripping characteristics to adapt to complex terrains.

3. Protection and stability

Cables of 15kV and above shall be equipped with conductor shielding layer and insulation shielding layer to eliminate electric field concentration and prevent partial discharge; Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyethylene (PE) sheaths have flame retardancy and weather resistance. Some high-end products use low smoke halogen-free (LSZH) materials, which reduce smoke density by 80% during combustion and release no toxic gases.

二、多元用途：覆蓋全場景電力傳輸

1.     電力系統主幹網絡

高壓/超高壓電纜：110kV及以上電纜用於遠距離輸電；城市地下電網：中低壓電纜（35kV及以下）埋設於電纜溝或隧道，減少地面空間占用，適配城市密集區。

2.     工業與特殊場景

工礦企業：耐油、耐高溫電纜（如乙丙橡膠絕緣）用於礦山機械、石油平臺；軌道交通：阻燃電纜（如ZR-YJV）保障地鐵、高鐵供電安全；水下輸電：海底電纜采用聚乙烯絕緣與鉛護套，抗水壓達10MPa，應用於跨海聯網項目。

3.     新能源配套

光伏/風電：耐紫外線直流電纜適配海上風電（如柔性直流輸電），傳輸效率提升15%；電動汽車充電：液冷大功率電纜支持快充技術，縮短充電時間。

Multi purpose: covering all scenarios of power transmission

1. Backbone network of power system

High voltage/ultra-high voltage cables: 110kV and above cables are used for long-distance power transmission; Urban underground power grid: Medium and low voltage cables (35kV and below) are buried in cable trenches or tunnels to reduce ground space occupation and adapt to densely populated urban areas.

2. Industrial and Special Scenarios

Industrial and mining enterprises: Oil resistant and high-temperature resistant cables (such as ethylene propylene rubber insulation) used for mining machinery and oil platforms; Rail transit: Flame retardant cables (such as ZR-YJV) ensure the safety of subway and high-speed rail power supply; Underwater power transmission: The submarine cable adopts polyethylene insulation and lead sheath, with a water pressure resistance of up to 10MPa, and is used in cross sea networking projects.

3. New energy supporting facilities

Photovoltaic/wind power: UV resistant DC cables are suitable for offshore wind power (such as flexible DC transmission), increasing transmission efficiency by 15%; Electric vehicle charging: Liquid cooled high-power cables support fast charging technology to shorten charging time.

三、科技含量：創新驅動行業升級

1.     材料革命

納米改性技術：在XLPE絕緣層中添加納米二氧化矽，提升耐電暈性能，延長電纜壽命；生物基材料：可降解聚酯（PBAT）護套電纜，12個月內自然分解，減少「白色汙染」。

2.     智能監測技術

光纖測溫：在電纜內部嵌入分布式光纖傳感器，實時監測溫度、機械應力，提升故障預警準確率；AI運維系統：通過大數據分析預測絕緣老化趨勢，優化巡檢周期，降低運維成本。

Technological content: Innovation drives industry upgrading

1. Material Revolution

Nano modification technology: adding nano silica to XLPE insulation layer to enhance corona resistance and extend cable life; Biobased material: Biodegradable polyester (PBAT) sheathed cable, naturally decomposes within 12 months, reducing "white pollution".

2. Intelligent monitoring technology

Fiber optic temperature measurement: Embedded distributed fiber optic sensors inside the cable to monitor temperature and mechanical stress in real time, improving the accuracy of fault warning; AI operation and maintenance system: Predicting insulation aging trends through big data analysis, optimizing inspection cycles, and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

電力電纜通過材料創新、工藝升級與智能賦能，持續突破傳輸效率與安全邊界，成為全球能源轉型的關鍵基礎設施。

Through material innovation, process upgrading, and intelligent empowerment, power cables continue to break through the boundaries of transmission efficiency and safety, becoming a key infrastructure for global energy transformation.